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Words of Warning

October 20, 2024October 21, 2024 / lmkling / Leave a comment

Words and Meaning—Decimate Millions

Words are wonderful, a vital means of communication for most humans.  They are powerful but often we don’t treat them with the respect they deserve.  We abuse them.  We change the meaning – at times because we don’t fully understand for some reason.

But before we give ourselves a rap on the knuckles for our mistreatment of words, remember that language is alive. If words remained the same, with the same meaning for all time, then the language we speak would be dead—like Latin. The problem is that the meaning of words changes over time, but some of us haven’t kept up with the latest contemporary meaning. Or some people may use and understand a current, an “urban” meaning of a word but be unaware of its original meaning.

This happened with “decimate”.  Currently most of us use it to mean “almost completely destroyed”.  Originally it meant “every tenth one”.  This was because it came to us from “decem”; the Latin word for ten.  An ancient Roman army conquered and decimated i.e., lined up those who’d been conquered, counted their “victims” and every tenth man was put to the sword, the rest enslaved.  Far from “almost complete destruction” of that enemy.

Two words that currently fascinate me are “million” and “billion”.  We all know they mean “a lot”: a million of anything whether it’s dollars, dwellings or the inhabitants of those dwellings is a very large number–a seven-figure number, you know, one with six zeros attached to it (1,000 000). But just how much? What does it look like if we were to imagine it? Hard to comprehend even though we casually talk about a house selling for over a million dollars; even though we hear on the news of a million or so people in some country or other…

I once knew of a primary school teacher in a small country school who was in charge of the “middle lot”: two- or three-year levels of seven- to ten-year-olds.  She wanted to give her class an idea of just how many a million was, so she decided to have the children collect bread tags to use for a number of aspects of their Maths lessons.

It wasn’t long before the whole town got involved.  Bread-bag tags by the dozens, the hundreds arrived, and were used in a variety of Maths activities, then counted; the results graphed, tabulated… and finally those tags were added to all the others in a handy, unused glass aquarium.  All were agog to see if that aquarium would hold a million.  Everyone hoped they’d reach that magical million mark by the end of the year.

It was not to be.

The collecting continued throughout the next year.  And the next.  By this time friends, relatives, aunts, uncles, grandparents from near and far, some from the other side of the country were avidly collecting and contributing.

After ten years that teacher retired, and the project came to an end.  The aquarium was about two thirds full and the grand total of bread-bag tags.  Not even a quarter of a million.

The point was made, loud and clear.  A million is an enormous number!

So, the moral of this tale is that we as writers need to take care when using words. Even simple words we use all the time can be misunderstood by the reader.

© Mary McDee 2024

Feature Photo: Welcome to France © L.M. Kling 2014

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On Language–Little But Important Words

April 21, 2024April 21, 2024 / lmkling / Leave a comment

THE IMPORTANT ‘’LITTLE WORDS’’ in OUR LANGUAGE

Ever since the very earliest times of mankind there have been folk who seem to be driven to want to collect and study things around them – right up to the children of today who collect rocks or insects or… as well as those who can’t seem to resist dismantling anything they can get their hands on just to “See how it works, Nan”.  When they grow up they might become a motor mechanic; a scientist; a…

Those who are fascinated by languages; how people speak; how words can be put together; how they are pronounced; how those languages themselves change over the centuries are termed “linguists”.  I’m not talking here about those folk who speak several different languages; who seem to be able to pick up a new language apparently effortlessly.  No, I mean those who want to come to grips with the nuts and bolts of  either languages in general or one language in particular.

As far as English is concerned these “language scientists” (linguists) have decided that all the words of our language fit into one of two groups – no not nouns and verbs – but content words and function words.

The thousands upon thousands of content words are the ones you can get some sort of picture in your head; so long as it is within your own field of experience.  These are words like horse or run or blue or slow or fight or…

The function words on the other hand are those that many school teachers will tell children are the “little words”; the ones that make no sense on their own alone; no sense  until they are linked to an appropriate content word.  Consider for a moment in/on/by/at/out/of/off…  You need to link them to words like house or horse or horrid or happy and you can start to get a picture.

All in all there are only about a couple of hundred of these important “little words”.  Use the wrong one in the wrong place and your writing can easily become confusing or even meaningless.

Consider for a moment “the” and “a”:  many of us use these more or less indiscriminately, not realising that each has a specific meaning and must be used with care when writing.

“A” is generalist – yes, it is a word even though only a single letter; a dog/ a house/ a person are all non-specific – any dog, house or person whatever the size, shape, colour…

“The” on the other hand, is much more limited: “the dog” is one particular dog involved in a particular action; “the house” could be the one next door or the one you lived in as a child; or etc…

So, use with care.  Please.

A couple of other points:  “an” is merely “a” used when the next word begins with a vowel, e.g. “an apple”/”an orange” etc.  but even this is not so simple (wouldn’t y’ know it!!) as most of us have been taught that vowels are the letters a/e/i/o/u.  Not so. 

Vowels are sounds; speech sounds, that is.  And it is the beginning sound of the next word that governs the use of “a” or “an”.  Just say aloud to yourself “a happy holiday”.  No problem?  Now try it again but with “honourable person” instead of “happy holiday”.  Not so easy, is it.  “An honourable person” is much easier to say because the letter “h” is virtually silent. 

Forget using letters to decide whether to use “a” or “an”; go for the sound when you say aloud whatever it is that is puzzling you.  We do this without thinking when we are speaking so go for the spoken word/phrase if in doubt.  Much simpler than trying to remember a bunch of rules along with their exceptions.  There are always exceptions!!

There is more to say about function words, their glitchy bits and the angst they can cause those of us impelled to write but we’ll leave it for another time.

© Mary McDee 2024

Feature Photo: “Engrish” © L.M. Kling 2014

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Writing for Impact…

February 25, 2024February 25, 2024 / lmkling / Leave a comment

More Than Just Words

All my life, words have fascinated me – their meanings and double meanings, along with puns, jokes, and varied pronunciations.  How we put them together for impact; to make poems or stories or paint pictures in a reader’s imagination is grist to my mill, floats my intellectual boat.

So choosing English as a major subject when I got to university was a no-brainer.  And when I discovered that Linguistics was one of the third year options, I couldn’t wait to enrol.

Before this, High School Latin had opened my eyes to the fact that languages other than English have very different rules; can be structured differently; are often quite a different kettle of fish.  This was amazing!  Putting the verb at the end of the sentence?  Changing the last syllable of the word instead of using one of the “little words” (e.g: to/for/by/with/from…) as those ancient Romans had done?  Wow!!

All this opened up the wide world of translation and how tricky it can be to “get it right”; get the original author’s attitude and intentions across accurately; convey as many as possible, of the subtleties of the original.

Conversations with multi-cultural friends, some of whom were fluent speakers in not just two but several languages were frustrating as these people took all the differences for granted.  None shared my passion for words; so they quickly found our “chats” boring.  And me weird.

Consequently, I was forced to turn to books in my quest for enlightenment. The only books readily available that provided varied renditions of the original text was the Bible.  So I go down all sorts of rabbit holes, spanning several centuries of translations in this adventure.

And after all that long-winded background bumph we come to the point of this blog; a blog designed for those of us who write.  Finally I hear you say (if you are still with me, of course!!).

A couple of days ago I read and compared several accounts of the Last Supper; that final, pivotal meal before the crucifixion, that Jesus shared with his disciples; the meal which Judas walked out of to meet with the High Priests and betray him. 

Several of the modern translations wound up their account with:

“So Judas left, going out into the night”.

Others (including the King James Version) rendered the same incident as:

“So Judas left.  And it was night.”

Only a very small difference – a single sentence of eight letters versus two sentences of seven letters. 

But it hit me like a bomb.

The strength and implicit emotion; the sense of impending doom, that that second sentence gave when contrasted with the first was palpable.  The first was an accurate but matter-of-fact, almost journalistic rendition.  The first, set alongside the heart-wrenching vividness of the second, was just ordinary writing in my eyes.

Of course you may not agree.  We all see and interpret things very differently.  Which is a good thing; makes life interesting!

When we speak we add to our words with both our voice and our facial expressions, as well as gesture, stance…  There are a hundred and one ways of getting our meaning across as we become aware of responses from those to whom we are speaking.  There is an immediacy in the spoken that is not available in the written.  So we have to compensate.

As writers, we need to develop awareness of those aspects of writing that are more than merely putting words together.  This is what divides great writing from the simply pedestrian.  How those words are arranged, organized, juxtaposed one with the other is important.  How our words are divided into sentences and punctuated can make a huge difference to how we get our message across to the reader.  These are the things that make our writing truly impactful.

And isn’t this what we all want?

© Mary McDee 2024

Feature photo: Le Mont St. Michel, Dining Room, a room reminiscent of Christ’s Last Supper © L.M. Kling 1998

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